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Link: Globalization 2.0
6,500 years ago
GOD: DEITY SINGULARITY
Middle East: Public Temple Platform
6,500 years ago — Sumerian “Classic Ubaid” rapid urbanization, first public temple platform
6,100 years ago – Sumerian Uruk period
6,100 years ago – Sumerian Uruk XIV-V
6,000 years ago
ADAM: ANCESTOR SINGULARITY
Middle East: Judean Eden
6,000 years ago — Judean Heavens and Earth, Adam and Eve Created
6,000 years ago — Standing Stone Constructions in Brittany (Carnac), Portugal (Lisbon), France (central and southern), Corsica, England and Wales.
6,000 years ago — Harappa, the ancient city in India was built.
6,000 years ago – First use of light wooden ploughs in Mesopotamia
5,750 years ago — Standing Stone Constructions in Ireland (Knockiveagh and elsewhere).
5,500 years ago – Irrigation was being used in Mesopotamia
5,500 years ago — South American Chibcha culture
5,500 years ago — European Sredny Stog culture
5,500 years ago — Standing Stone Constructions in England (Maumbury Rings and Godmanchester), and Malta (Ġgantija and Mnajdra temples).
5,500 years ago — Standing Stone Constructions in Spain (Málaga and Guadiana), Ireland (south-west), France (Arles and the north), Sardinia, Sicily, Malta (and elsewhere in the Mediterranean), Belgium (north-east) and Germany (central and south-west).
5,500 years ago — Standing Stone Constructions in Ireland (Newgrange), Netherlands (north-east), Germany (northern and central) Sweden and Denmark.
5,300 years ago – Sumerian Uruk IV period
5,250 years ago — Standing Stone Constructions in Malta (Ħaġar Qim and Tarxien).
5,000 years ago
ZIGGURAT: TEMPLE PLATFORM SINGULARITY
Middle East: Salik Ziggurat
5,000 years ago – Fermentation of dough, grain, and fruit juices is in practice.
5,000 years ago — Constructions in France (Saumur, Dordogne, Languedoc, Biscay, and the Mediterranean coast), Spain (Los Millares), Sicily, Belgium (Ardennes), and Orkney, as well as the first henges (circular earthworks) in Britain.
5,000 years ago — Aryan, (Proto-Iranian) tribes arrived in the Iranian plateau probably in more than one wave of emigration, and settled as nomads.
5,000 years ago — Polynesian Marae
5,000 years ago – Sumerian Early Dynastic period Sialk Ziggurat
5,000 years ago the Longsha culture in China. Examples in Shandong, Henan, and southern Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces.
4,750 years ago – Early Dynastic II period (Gilgamesh)
4,750 years ago
CELTIC: HENGE SINGULARITY
Europe: Britian: Stonehenge
4,750 years ago — Climax of the megalithic Funnel-beaker culture in Denmark, and the construction of the henge at Stonehenge.
4,750 years ago — European stone walled cities of Vila Nova de Sao Pedro
Asia: India: Mohenjo-daro
4,600 years ago — First Egyptian Pyramid Djoser Pyramid
4,600 years ago – Sumerian Early Dynastic IIIa period
4,600 years ago — Mohenjo-daro, the ancient city of India and modern Pakistan was built.
4,600 years ago – Large scale commercial timbering of cedars in Phoenicia (Lebanon) for export to Egypt and Sumeria. Similar commercial timbering in South India.
4,600 years ago — Sneferu Pyramid
4,575 years ago
EGYPT: PYRE SINGULARITY
Africa: Great Kufu Pyramid of Giza
4,575 years ago — Khufu Pyramid
4,575 years ago — Djedefre Pyramid
4,525 years ago — Khafre Pyramid
4,500 years ago
BRONZE SINGULARITY
Asia: China: Walled Cities
Central America: Olmec Culture
South America: Moche and Chibcha Cultures
4,500 years ago — Menkaure Pyramid
4,500 years ago – Sumerian Early Dynastic IIIb period
4,500 years ago — European Catacomb culture, merchant Beaker people, Corded Ware culture.
4,500 years ago — Constructions in Brittany (Le Menec, Kermario and elsewhere), Italy (Otranto), Sardinia, and Scotland (north-east), plus the climax of the megalithic Bell-beaker culture in Iberia, Germany, and the British Isles (stone circle at Stonehenge)
4,500 years ago — Chinese Longshan culture uses pottery wheels, rammed earth walled cities and moats
4,500 years ago Mesoamerican — Olmec culture
4,500 years ago South American — Moche and Chibcha cultures
4,475 years ago — Sahure Pyramid
4,450 years ago — Neferirkare Kakai Pyramid
4,400 years ago — The Bell-beaker culture was dominant in Britain, and hundreds of smaller stone circles were built in the British Isles at this time.
4,400 years ago — Nyuserre Ini Pyramid
4,300 years ago
NOAH: SOCIAL SINGULARITY
Middle East: Judean Noah
Middle East: Ur Ziggurat
4,300 years ago — Judean Noah gathers all animals domesticated by God and places them in ark, a 300 x 50 x 30 cubit rectangular barn
4,300 years ago — Judean Noah endures a one year flood: ark closed on the second month of Noah’s 600th year and ark opened on second month of Noah’s 601st year
4,300 years ago — God gives Noah Law of Socialization: “Eat anything. Do not eat living things.”
4,300 years ago — Judean Noah gets drunk and curses Ham’s son Canaan for Ham’s gossip
4,300 years ago – Akkadian Empire period(Sargon)
4,200 years ago – Sumerian Gutian period building of the Ur Ziggurat.
4,000 years ago
ABRAM: TERRITORIAL SINGULARITY
Asia: China: Xia Dynasty
Europe: Sardinia Ziggurat
Middle East: Judean Abram
4,000 years ago — Abram told by God to leave his country, people and father’s household and go to the land God will show him
4,000 years ago — Xia Dynasty first recorded Chinese Dynasty
4,000 years ago — Babylonian ziggurat Etemenanki
4,000 years ago — Constructions in Brittany (Er Grah), Italy (Bari), Sardinia (northern), and Scotland (Callanish). The Chalcolithic period gave way to the Bronze Age in western and northern Europe.
4,000 years ago — Europe’s Altare preistorico di Monte d’Accoddi in Sardinia with no known analogs
3,950 years ago — Amenemhat I Pyramid
3,925 years ago — Senusret I Pyramid
3,900 years ago
ABRAHAM: HUMAN SACRIFICE SINGULARITY
Middle East: Judean Isaac
3,900 years ago — Isaac born
3,900 years ago — God asks Abram to sacrifice Isaac. When Abram acts to obey, God stops him and names him Abraham.
3,900 years ago — Mari Ziggurat near the palace of Zimri-Lim
3,900 years ago — Senusret II Pyramid
3,850 years ago — Jacob born
3,825 years ago — Jacob steals Esau’s birthright
3,825 years ago — Amenemhat III Pyramid
3,800 years ago — Constructions in Italy (Giovinazzo).
3,750 years ago
ISRAEL: BROTHER SACRIFICE SINGULARITY
Middle East: Judean Israel
Asia: China: Shang Dynasty
Asia: India: Magadha Empire
3,750 years ago — Jacob wrestles with God before he is able to reunite with Esau. God gives Jacob the name Israel.
3,750 years ago — Shang Dynasty commences Chinese recorded history
3,750 years ago — Rajagriha, modern days Rajgir, The capital city of the Legendary empire of Magadha ruled by the semi mythical king Jarasandha was built in northern India.
3,700 years ago — Israel enters Egypt
Asia: China: Megalithic Tombs, Shang Dynasty
Asia: Korea: Megalithic Tombs
3,600 years ago — Shang Dynasty
3,500 years ago — Constructions in Portugal (Alter Pedroso and Mourela).
3,500 years ago — Constructions of Table Style Tombs in Northern China’s Liao River and Han River during the Mumun Pottery Period
3,500 years ago — Constructions of Small Tombs in Southern Korean Peninsula during the Mumun Pottery Period
3,500 years ago — Burial of the Egtved Girl in Denmark, whose body is today one of the most well-preserved examples of its kind.
3,500 years ago — Moses born
3,375 years ago — Moses kills Egyptian and flees
3,350 years ago
Asia: China: Zhou Dynasty: Feudal China
MOSES: SLAVERY SINGULARITY
Middle East: Judean Moses
3,350 years ago — Moses and the Burning Bush
3,350 years ago — Zhou Dynasty
Asia: India: Chandragupta Maurya and Chanakya form Empire
3,331 years ago — Chandragupta Maurya rises to power through a military coup with sage Chanakya as advisor
3,325 years ago — Israelites gather at Mount Sinai
3,275 years ago — Moses dies buried by God in an unmarked grave.
3,250 years ago
VIKING SINGULARITY
Europe: Invasion of the Sea Peoples
3,250 years ago — The pyramidion of the scribe Moses depicts himself making an offering, with his name on two opposite faces. The adjacent opposite faces feature a baboon: “Screeching upon the rising of the Sun, and the Day“. (The baboon is also the god-scribe representation of the Scribe, for the God Thoth.)
3,250 years ago — The pyramidion of Ptahemwia displays sun-related scenes. The Sun God, Re-Horakhti, and the god of the Underworld, Osiris, are shown on one lateral face.
3,250 years ago — Last vestiges of the megalithic tradition in the Mediterranean and elsewhere come to an end during the general population upheaval known to ancient history as the Invasions of the Sea Peoples.
3,200 years ago
IRON SINGULARITY
3,000 years ago — Scandinavian Stone Ships
3,000 years ago
SOLOMON: TABERNACLE SINGULARITY
Middle East: Judean Solomon’s Temple
3,000 years ago — First Israeli Temple Built by King Solomon in Jerusalem
2,750 years ago — Constructions of Capstone Tombs in Changwon, Korean Peninsula
Europe: Roman Kingdom
Asia: China: Taoism: Lao Tzu
Middle East: Iran: Median Empire
2,750 years ago — According to legend, the city of Rome is founded (753 BCE) Roman Kingdom (ruled by a succession of seven kings, according to tradition)
2,660 years ago — Lao Tzu is born
2,635 years ago — Median Empire
2,600 years ago — the wooden columns of the old Temple of Hera at Olympia underwent a material transformation, known as “petrification”, in which they were replaced by stone columns. By degrees, other parts of the temple were “petrified”.
2,600 years ago
BABYLONIAN EXILE SINGULARITY
2,600 years ago — Babylonian flat world map.
2,600 years ago — First Judaic Temple destroyed by Babylonian Empire. Jews exiled to Babylon.
2,600 years ago — Chinese develop Row Planting agriculture
Asia: India: Siddhartha: Buddha
Middle East: Iran: Achaemenid Empire
Asia: China: Confucius
2,580 years ago — Siddhartha is born
2,565 years ago — Siddhartha marries Yaśodharā , a cousin of the same age. According to the traditional account, in time, she gave birth to a son, Rahula.
2,560 years ago — Iranian (Persian) Achaemenid Empire
2,561 years ago — Confucius is born in or near the city of Qufu (曲阜), in the Chinese State of Lu (魯) (now part of Shandong Province)
2,550 years ago — Siddhartha sees an old man, diseased man, a decaying corpse, and an ascetic and escapes his palace become a mendicant.
2,545 years ago — Siddhartha attains Enlightenment
2,542 years ago — Confucius marries a young girl named Qi Quan (亓官) at 19 and she gave birth to their first child Kong Li (孔鯉) when he was 20.
2,512 years ago — Confucius is rises to the position of Justice Minister (大司寇) in Lu at the age of 53
2,500 years ago
America: Olmec Empire
SENATE SINGULARITY
Europe: Roman Republic
POPULAR SINGULARITY
Europe: Greek Democracy
JUDEAN SINGULARITY
Middle East: Judean Second Temple
DEATH SINGULARITY
Asia: India: Buddha Enters Parinirvana
CONDUCT SINGULARITY
Asia: China: Long Journey of Confucius
UNIVERSE SINGULARITY
Asia: China: Lao Tzu Writes the Tao Te Ching
Asia: India: Pataliputra
2,500 years ago — Olmec La Venta, Great Pyramid
2.500 years ago — Greek Periclean Democracy
2,500 years ago — Roman Republic (from 510 BC, governed by the Senate)
2,500 years ago — Pataliputra, the modern day Patna was built as the new capital of the empire of Magadha in India
2,500 years ago — Second Israeli Temple constructed in Jerusalem authorized by Cyrus the Great of Persia and ratified by Darius the Great of Persia
2,500 years ago — Work was begun on Persepolis.
2,500 years ago — Pericles initiates the reconstruction of the Temple of Olympian Zeus, the Temple of Apollo in Delphi, the Acropolis of Athens, the marble city for the glory of the gods.
2,500 years ago — Pythagoras proposes spherical Earth.
2,500 years ago — Playwrites Aeschylus Olympianism; Sophocles Scenery,Chorus of 12, and more than two actors; Euripides, humanist ideals; Aristophanes, social criticism and caricature.
2,500 years ago — Philosophers Socrates whose student Plato immortalized his teacher in Dialogues; Anaxagoras; Democritus proposes the atom; Empedocles; Hippias; Isocrates; Parmenides; and Protagoras.
2,500 years ago — the historian Herodotus; Thucydides; and Xenophon
2,500 years ago — and the architect Hippodamus of Miletus, who reconstructed Peiraeus
2,500 years ago — Eloquence elevated to an art form, logographers Lysias, orators Isocrates and Demosthenes
2,500 years ago — According to tradition, after Confucius’s resignation as Justice Minister of Lu, he began a long journey (or set of journeys) around the small kingdoms of northeast and central China, including the states of Wei (衞), Song (宋), Chen (陳) and Cai (蔡)
2,500 years ago – Lao-Tzu, a philosopher of ancient China and a central figure in Taoism writes the Tao Te Ching at the request of a sentry and disappears in the West
2,500 years ago — Chinese Iron Age
2,500 years ago — Chinese Deep Paddy Rice Agriculture developed
2,500 years ago — Buddha enters Parinirvana
Asia: China: Warring States Period
2,490 years ago — Chinese Warring States Period begins
2,400 years ago — Completion of the final form of the Parthenon in Athens (432 BCE).
2,350 years ago
GREEK SINGULARITY
Europe: Greece: Aristotle: It’s a Small World
Europe: Greece: Alexander the Great
2,350 years ago — Aristotle “The bulk of the Earth must not only be spherical, but not large in comparison with the size of other stars.”
2,350 years ago — Philip II of Macedon named ‘Supreme Commander’ of the Greek forces by decree of the League of Corinth, a federation of all Greek states except for Sparta, in his planned war against the Persian Empire
2,346 years ago — Alexander the Great crowned king of Macedonia at 20 years of age
2,345 years ago — Alexander protects his North in Balkan Campaign
Europe: Imperial Greek Middle East
2,343 years ago — Alexander defeats Persian Darius III at the Battle of Issus conquers Tyre and Gaza, liberates an Egypt ruled by Persians
2,341 years ago — Alexander defeats Persian defeated Darius once more at the Battle of Gaugamela, marches to Babylon, Susa, Persian capital of Persepolis via the Royal Road, storms and captures the Persian Gates
2,340 years ago — Persian Empire falls as Dairius III is assasinated by Bactrian satrap and kinsman, Bessus who retreats into Central Asia to launch a guerrilla campaign against Alexander
2,337 years ago — Alexander conquers Media, Parthia, Aria (West Afghanistan), Drangiana, Arachosia (South and Central Afghanistan), Bactria (North and Central Afghanistan), and Scythia. Refounds Herat and Maracanda. Founds modern Kandahar (Alexandria) in Afghanistan, and Alexandria Eschate (”The Furthest”) in modern Tajikistan.
2,336 years ago –Alexander’s castle in Persia called”Kelah-i-Dive-Sefid” by Persians meaning Castle of the White Demon[40] with Alexander representing the Div-e Sepid of the Shahnameh epic.
Europe: Imperial Greek India
2,336 years ago — Alexander defeats the Aspasioi and Assakenoi sections of the Kambojas (classical names), known in Indian texts as Ashvayanas and Ashvakayanas (names referring to the equestrian nature of their society from the Sanskrit root word Ashva meaning horse) slaughtering the inhabitants of the cities Ora, Bazira, Massaga and Aornos..
2,335 years ago — near the Ganges River Alexander faces Nanda Empire of Magadha and Gangaridai Empire of Bengal and his troops mutiny forcing Alexander to turn South.
2,334 years ago — Alexander conquered the Malli clans (in modern day Multan), sent much of his army to Carmania (modern southern Iran) with his general Craterus, and commissioned a fleet to explore the Persian Gulf shore under his admiral Nearchus, while he led the rest of his forces back to Persia by the southern route through the Gedrosian Desert (now part of southern Iran and Makran now part of Pakistan).
2,333 years ago — On either June 10 or 11, 323 BC, Alexander died of fever in the palace of Nebuchadnezzar II, in Babylon, one month short of his 33rd birthday.
2,320 years ago — Only 7 Chinese Warring States remain.
2,300 years ago
Europe: Greek Empire Falls
America: Mayan Empire
ACADEMIC SINGULARITY
Asia: India: Mauryan Dynasty
Asia: India: Chanakya
Asia: India: Vedic University
Asia: China: Seven Chinese Warring States Remain
2,300 years ago — Mauryan Dynasty established across the Indian Subcontinent with Chanakya as advisor
2,300 years ago — Armenia Zorats Karer
2,300 years ago — Takshashila, The oldest university (Vedic University) in the world (According to some Historian) was built in Indian Subcontinent
2,300 years ago — Maya El Mirador, Le Danta Pyramid
2,300 years ago — Maya El Mirador, Le Tigre Pyramid
2,275 years ago
Europe: Greece: Earth’s Circumference
Asia: India: Buddhism State Religion
2,285 years ago — Indian Mauryan Dynasty Emperor Asoka converts to Buddhism
2,275 years ago — Erasothenes accurate circumference of the Earth 252,000 stadia x 160 metres = 40,000 kilometers
QIN CHINESE SINGULARITY
INDIAN DARK AGE SINGULARITY
Asia: China: Qin Dynasty: Chinese Empire
Asia: India: Indian Dark Age
2,250 years ago — Indian Emperor Asoka dies and the Mauryan Empire collapses
2,231 years ago — The unification of China under the First Emperor Qin Shi Huang (or Shi Huang Di) marks the beginning of Qin Dynasty Imperial China
2,212 years ago — Han Dynasty in China
2,200 years ago — Trace Harness with Breast Strap for horses developed in China
PAPER SINGULARITY
2,100 years ago — Chinese invent paper
2,100 years ago — Chinese develop the Collar Harness
2,100 years ago — The Silk Road runs at its full length.
2,100 years ago — Scottish Broch, Drystone Atlantic Roundhouse
2,100 years ago — Expansion of Herod the Great’s temple begins
2,095 years ago — Chinese invent multi-row seed drill
2,054 years ago — Julius Caesar orders Survey of the World
2,050 years ago
DICTATOR SINGULARITY
Europe: Julius Ceasar: Roman Dictatorship
2.052 years ago — Julius Caesar’s appointment as perpetual dictator
2,041 years ago — the victory of Octavian at the Battle of Actium (2 September 31 BC)
2,040 years ago
TEMPORAL GOD SINGULARITY
Europe: Augustus Ceasar: Roman Empire: Pax Augusta
2,027 years ago — Roman Empire Roman Senate’s granting to Octavian the honorific God Emperor, Augustus Caesar)
2,020 years ago — Agrippa “Cotton Map” Flat Earth Map
2,000 years ago
JUDEAN MESSIAH SINGULARITY
Middle East: Jesus of Nazareth: Christian Era
2,004 years ago Jesus of Nazareth born
2,000 years ago — Emperors Vespasian and Titus build the Colosseum in Rome
1,977 years ago — Jesus of Nazareth Baptism and Temptation
1,980 years ago — Jesus Crucified
Middle East: Christian Acts of the Apostles
1,977 years ago — Middle East: Conversion of Paul to Christianity
1,944 years ago — Great Jewish Revolt
Middle East: Judean Second Temple Destroyed
1,930 years ago — Second Temple of Israel destroyed by Romans
CHINESE URBANIZATION SINGULARITY
1,900 years ago — China population reaches 60,000,000
1,870 years ago — Claudius Ptolemaeus (140 CE) (Ptolemy) Map of Spherical Earth
1,850 years ago
TEMPORAL SINGULARITY
Europe: Marcus Aurelius: Roman Stoic Empire
1,849 years ago –Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus was Roman Emperor . He was the last of the “Five Good Emperors“, and one of the most important Stoic philosophers.
1,830 years ago — Marcus Aurelius writes Meditations while on campaign
1,800 years ago — Maya Altun Ha Pyramid
1,800 years ago — Maya Caracol Pyramid
1,800 years ago — Unknown Xochicalco Temple of the Feather Serpent Pyramid
1,800 years ago — Unknown Xochitecatl, Pyramid of the Flowers
1,800 years ago — Unknown Xochicalco Step Pyramids
1,800 years ago — Maya Lamanai The High Temple Pyramid
1,800 years ago — Maya Lamanai Temple of the Jaguar Pyramid
Asia: India: Nalanda University
1,780 years ago — Three Kingdoms Wei, Shu & Wu
1,750 years ago — Maya Tazumal Pyramid
1,750 years ago — Maya Kaminaljuyu Pyramid
1,745 years ago — Jin Dynasty
1,700 years ago — Nalanda, Arguably the second oldest university in the world was built in Gupta Empire in India
1,700 years ago
PRIEST SINGULARITY
Europe: Constantine the Great: Roman Papal Empire
CHINESE PLAGUE SINGULARITY
China: Massive Plagues Begin In Urban China
1,698 years ago — Famine, Locusts and Plague Kill 80 Percent of North and Central Chinese
1,697 years ago — Constantine the Great announces toleration of Christianity in the Edict of Milan, which removed penalties for professing Christianity and returned confiscated Church property.
1,685 years ago — Contantine summons the Council of Nicaea, effectively the first Ecumenical Council
1,680 yearss ago — Constantine rebuilt the city of Byzantium, which was renamed Constantinopolis (”Constantine’s City” or Constantinople in English)
1,600 years ago
ROME SINGULARITY
Europe: Western Roman Empire Falls
Europe: Byzantia: Hagia Sophia
1,600 years ago — Maya Nim Li Punit Small Step Pyramids
1,590 years ago — Sack of Rome by Alaric I
1,590 years ago — Southern & Northern Dynasties
1,540 years ago — Muhammad was born and lived in Mecca
1,534 years ago — Fall of the Western Roman Empire
1,500 years ago
JUDEO-CHRISTIAN PROPHET SINGULARITY
America: Coba Empire
Middle East: The Qur’an
1,500 years ago — Hagia Sophia built in its present form
1,500 years ago — Coba Coba, The Nohoch Mul Pyramid
1,500 years ago — Coba Coba, La Iglesia Pyramid
1,500 years ago — Coba Coba, Crossroads Temple Pyramid
1,490 years ago — According to the traditionalist view, the Qur’an began with revelations on Muhammad’s divine revelations
1,478 years ago — the Hijra, the beginning of the Islamic calendar
1,470 years ago — Mecca is conquered by the Muslims
Middle East: Islam: The Last Prophet
1,468 years ago — Muhammad dies June 8 in Medina. Most of the Arabian Peninsula has converted to Islam
1,467 years ago — Battle of Nihawand marking the total collapse of the Sassanids. Arabs defeated Persians and other Iranians and introduced their religion.
1,429 years ago — Sui Dynasty
1,400 years ago
ISLAMIC SINGULARITY
Middle East: Islamic Middle East
Africa: Islamic North Africa
Middle East: Islamic Empire: Pax Islamica
1,400 years ago — St. Hripsime Church, one of the world’s oldest surviving Churches, constructed.
1,400 years ago — Maya Xunantunich El Castillo Pyramid
1,400 years ago — Maya Yaxchilan Pyramid
1,400 years ago — Maya San Andrés, El Salvador, Bell of San Andrés
1,400 years ago — Maya Bonampak, Temple of Murals Pyramid
1,392 years ago — Tang Dynasty
1,378 years ago — Islamic Rashidun Caliphate includes : Cyprus, Crete, Rhodes, Southern and Eastern part of Sicily
1,350 years ago — Maya Aguateca Pyramid
1,350 years ago — Maya Dos Pilas Pyramid
1,350 years ago — Maya Dos Pilas, El Duende Pyramid
1349 years ago — Islamic Umayyad Caliphate successor of the Rashidun Caliphate
1,300 years ago — Seokguram of Korea is constructed
1,300 years ago — Unknown Xochitecatl Sprial Building
1,260 years ago — Islamic Abbasid Caliphate Successor of the Umayyad Caliphate
1,259 years ago – Lombards abolish the Exarchate of Ravenna removing Rome from the Byzantine Empire
1,254 years ago — Papal States give Pope temporal authority over Rome
1,250 years ago — Maya Lubaantun Large Step Pyramid
1,250 years ago — Maya Lubaantun Small Step Pyramids
1,250 years ago — Umayyad Emirate in the Al-Andalus (Islamic Iberia)
1,245 years ago
EUROPEAN SINGULARITY
Europe: Charlegmagne: European Empire: Holy Roman Empire
1,242 years ago — Charlemagne comes to power with brother Carloman
1,239 years ago — Carloman dies
1,236 years ago — Charlemagne takes Northern Italy and unusually, has himself crowned with the Iron Crown and made the magnates of Lombardy do homage to him at Pavia
1,221 years ago — Charlemagne conquers and converts the Slavs
1,216 years ago — Charlemagne conquers and converts Bavaria.
1,210 years ago — Charlemagne is crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire
1,209 years ago — Charlemagne signs Treaty of Heiligen with the pagan Danes
1,208 years ag0 — Charlemagne wrests Islamic Spain from the Moores
1,206 years ago — Charlemagne conquers and converts Saxonia using force where necessary
1,196 years ago — Charlemagne in January, he fell ill with pleurisy and died on 21 January.
1,191 years ago — Iranian Islamic Samanid Empire
1,189 years ago — Iranian Islamic Tahirid Empire
1,181 years ago — Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba in the Al-Andalus (Islamic Iberia)
1,180 years ago — Caliph al-Ma’mum of the Abbasid Dynasty orders Map of the World
1,170 years ago — Mohammad Ibn Musa Al-Kwarizmi (840-845 CE) Map extending Ptolemy’s work for Africa and Far East
1,165 years ago
ISLAMIC EUROPEAN SINGULARITY
Europe: Islam Invades Rome
1,164 years ago — Muslim Arabs invade Rome and loot St. Peter’s Basilica
1,149 years ago — Iranian Islamic Saffarid Empire
1,103 years ago — 5 Dynasties & 10 Kingoms and Liao Dynasty
1,100 years ago — Akhtala monastery built, intended as a fortress
1,100 years ago — Arab dhows regulary travel to China
1,100 years ago — Islamic Fatimid Caliphate
1,078 years ago — Iranian Islamic Buyid Empire
1,070 years ago — Song Dynasty and Liao Dynasty
1,068 years ago — Iranian Islamic Sallarid Empire
1,047 years ago — Ghaznavid Islamic Empire
1,040 years ago — St Albans Cathedral commenced; built from the ruins of Roman Verulamium
1,020 years ago — Durham Cathedral founded
1,000 years ago
Middle East: Circumference of Spherical Earth
1,000 years ago — Al-Baruni calculates circumference of Spherical Earth
970 years ago — Almoravid dynasty Islamic Empire
900 years ago — Maya Mixco Viejo Pyramid
889 years ago –Almohad dynasty Islamic Empire
880 years ago — Work begins on the Basilique Saint-Denis in France.
MONGOL KHAN SINGULARITY
Asia: Mongolia: Temüjin
838 years ago — Temüjin born
836 years ago — Ayyubid dynasty
826 years ago — Temüjin’s father poisoned and Temüjin is refused the postion of khan and he and his family abandoned to poverty
822 years ago — Temüjin married Börte of the Olkut’hun tribe
820 years ago — Börte’s kidnapped by the Merkits, and given away as a wife. Temüjin rescued her with the help of his friend and future rival, Jamuka, and his protector, Ong Khan of the Kerait tribe
820 years ago — Construction begins on the present form of Chartres Cathedral after a fire.
820 years ago — Construction of Qutub Minar started in India
819 years ago — Temüjin and Börte have four sons, Jochi (1185–1226), Chagatai (1187—1241), Ögedei (1189—1241), and Tolui (1190–1232).
818 years ago — Temüjin captured by the Bjartskular (”wolves”) and escapes
813 years ago — Temüjin serves Toghrul, who was Khan of the Kerait, and is better known by the Chinese title Ong Khan (or “Wang Khan“), which the Jin Empire
812 years ago — Temüjin, his followers, and their advisors, had united the smaller Mongol confederation under the Yassa code integrates conquered tribes into his own tribe
808 years ago — Temüjin defeats Togrul’s Kerait tribe after split caused by Jamuka
MONGOL TRIBAL SINGULARITY
Asia: Mongolia: Ghengis Khan
802 years ago — Jamuka leads Naimans who finally turn Jamuka over to Temüjin by his own men who are executed for disloyalty. Jamuka chooses death over reunion. Ghengis Khan unites or subdue the Merkits, Naimans, Mongols, Keraits, Tatars, Uyghurs and smaller tribes and rules the Mongolian plains.
800 years ago — Chinese Changan Map of China
798 years ag0 — Ghengis Khan defeats the Tanguts‘ Western Xia Dynasty of China
797 years ago — At Badger Pass the Mongols massacre thousands of Jin Dynasty troops
795 years ago — Ghengis Khan sacked the Jin capital of Yanjing (later known as Beijing) forcing Emperor Xuanzong to move his capital south to Kaifeng, abandoning the northern half of his kingdom to the Mongols.
MONGOL CENTRAL ASIA SINGULARITY
Middle East: Islamic Empire Falls
Asia: Gengis Khagan: Mongol Empire
792 years ago — Jebe’s army of 20,000 defeat Kuchlug, the deposed Khan of the Naiman confederation and the Kara-Khitan khanate. The Mongol Empire and its control extended as far west as Lake Balkhash, which bordered the Khwarezmia (Khwarezmid Empire), a Muslim state that reached the Caspian Sea to the west and Persian Gulf and the Arabian Sea to the south.
790 years ago — Ghengis Khan and his sons defeat the Khwarezmian Dynasty governed by Shah Ala ad-Din Muhammad
790 years ago — Il Khanate was a Mongol khanate established in Persia including present-day Iran, most of Iraq, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey, and western Pakistan.
790 years ago — William of Rubruk sent by King Louis IX of France from Constantinople on a missionary journey to convert the Tartars and made the first scientific description of central Asia
788 years ago — Jebe and Subutai and 20,000 men push deep into Armenia and Azerbaijan, destroy Georgia, sack the Genoese trade-fortress of Caffa in Crimea and overwinter near the Black Sea.
787 years ago — Then on returning home defeat Mstislav the Bold of Halych and Mstislav III of Kiev, along with about 80,000 Kievan Rus’ at the Battle of Kalka River but fail to defeat the Volga Bulgara at battle of Samara Bend.
787 years ago — Genghis Khan led the main army on a raid through Afghanistan and northern India towards Mongolia
786 years ago — Immediately after returning from the west, Genghis Khan began a retaliatory attack on the Tanguts driving to the Yellow River.
MONGOL CHINA SINGULARITY
Asia: Mongol China: Five Star Omen
786 years ago — According to legend Genghis Khan reportedly saw a line of five stars arranged in the sky, and interpreted it as an omen of his victory.
785 years ago — General Ma Jianlong dies from arrows in battle and Genghis Khan, after conquering Deshun recieves the Tangut emperor’s surrender and orders the entire Tangut imperial family to be executed, effectively ending the Tangut lineage.
785 years ago — After defeating th Tangut Genghis Khan dies and asks to be buried without markings, according to the customs of his tribe.
MONGOL BROTHERHOOD SINGULARITY
Asia: Ögedei Khagan: Mongol Empire
783 years ago — Empire of the Great Khan: Ögedei Khan, as Great Khan, took most of Eastern Asia, including China; this territory later to comprise the Yuan Dynasty under Kubilai Khan
783 years ago — Mongol homeland (present day Mongolia, including Karakorum): Tolui Khan, being the youngest son, received a small territory near the Mongol homeland, following Mongol custom.
783 years ago — Chagatai Khanate: Chagatai Khan, Genghis Khan’s second son, was given Central Asia and northern Iran
783 years ago — Blue Horde to Batu Khan, and White Horde to Orda Khan, both were later combined into the Kipchak Khanate, or Khanate of the Golden Horde, under Toqtamysh. Genghis Khan’s eldest son, Jochi, had received most of the distant Russia and Ruthenia.
Middle East: Mongol Middle East
Asia: Mongol Russia
Europe: Mongol Hungary, Poland
781 years ago — Persia in its entirety was added to the Mongol Empire.
779 years ago — Under the command of Batu Khan the Mongols attack the Russian steppe and the rest of Europe. Their western conquests included almost all of Russia (save Novgorod, which became a vassal), Hungary, and Poland
778 years ago — In addition to the Mongol-Jin War which destroyed the Jin Dynasty, Ogedei crushed the Eastern Xia Dynasty pacifying southern Manchuria.
MONGOL CAPITAL SINGULARITY
Asia: Karakorum: Mongol Capital Built
775 years ago — The construction of the city, Karakorum was finished assigning different quarters to Islamic and North Chinese craftsmen
775 years ago — Subduing Azerbaijan and Greater Armenia, Chormaqan takes Tiflis.
775 years ago — Mongols butcher Lahore, India, before withdrawing from the Delhi Sultanate.
Asia: Mongol Kashmir
775 years ago — Some time after another Mongol force invades Kashmir, stationing a darughachi there for several years. Kashmir becomes Mongolian dependency.
774 years ago — Ogedei subdued the Water Tatars in northern part of the region and suppressed their rebellion.
770 years ago — Chormaqan had completed the conquest of Transcaucasia, forcing the Georgian nobles to surrender
770 years ago — The foundation stone of Cologne Cathedral in Cologne is laid
Europe: Mongol Attack on Austria, Germany Halted
769 years ago — Mongol forces move on Vienna, launching a fierce winter campaign against Austria and Germany in the first wave into Western Europe, when Ögedei dies. Some historians believe only his death prevented the complete conquest of Europe.
769 years ago – Ogedei Khan dies at dawn on December 11th
765 years ago — Mongols commanded by Ogedei’s sons penetrated deep into the Song Dynasty and reached Chengdu, Xiangyang and Yangtze River. But they could not succeed in completing their conquest due to climate and number of the Song troops
MONGOL IMPERIAL SINGULARITY
Asia: Guyuk Khagan: Mongol Empire
764 years ago — Guyuk’s enthronement on 24 August near the Mongol capital at Karakorum, was attended by a large number of foreign ambassadors: the Franciscan friar and envoy of Pope Innocent IV, John of Plano Carpini; the Grand Duke of Moscow Yaroslav II of Vladimir; the incumbents for the throne of Georgia; the brother of the king of Armenia and historian, Sempad the Constable; the future Seljuk Sultan of Rum, Kilij Arslan IV; and ambassadors of the Abbasid Caliphate and of the emperor of India
760 years ago — Guyuk orders an empire-wide census. By the decree of Guyuk, taxes amounting between 1/30 -1/10 of value were imposed on everything and a heavy head tax of 60 silver drams was collected from males in Georgia and Armenia.
760 years ago –Mamluk Sultanate
758 years ago — Guyuk Khagan dies
756 years ago — Mongke ascends to the Khagan
754 years ago — Qoridai invaded Tibet, reaching as far as Damxung. The Central Tibetian monasteries submitted to the Mongols and the Mongol princes divided between them as their appanages.
753 years ago — Mongke’ commander Jalairtai devastates much of the Korean Goryeo and takes 206,800 captives.
751 years ago — Uryankhadai, the son of Subutai had completely pacified Yunnan.
751 years ago — Mongols move into Syria in 1259, took Damascus and Aleppo, and reach the shores of the Mediterranean Sea all the way to Gaza.
751 years ago — At Chongqing, Möngke died near the site of the siege on August 11, 1259
750 years ago
KUBLAI KHAN SINGULARITY
Asia: Kublai Khagan: Mongol Empire One Fifth World’s Surface
Asia: China: Mongol Chinese Capital (Beijing) Built
Europe: Venice: Magnetic Compass
Polynesia: Easter Island Statues
750 years ago — Kublai Khan ascends to power and realm reaches from the Pacific to the Urals, from Siberia to Afghanistan – one fifth of the world’s inhabited land area.
750 years ago — Kublai commission Turkestani architect Ikhtiyar al-Din (also known as Igder) to design the buildings of the city of Khagan or Khanbalic called Dadu (modern Beijing). The Great Khan also employed many foreign artists to build his new capital. One of them named Arniko from Nepal built the White Pagoda which was the largest structure in Khanbalic/Dadu.
750 years ago — Magnetic Compass reaches Venice
750 years ago — Polynesian Moai , Rapa Nui (Easter Island)
750 years ago — As the Mongol Emperor who welcomed Marco Polo in China, Kublai Khan becomes a legend in Europe
743 years ago — Kublai Khan wins the battle against Ariq Böke at Xanadu on August 21, 1264 CE, and the succession war essentially marks the beginning of the civil war of the Mongol empire.
740 years ago
MONGOL YUAN DYNASTY SINGULARITY
Asia: China: Mongol Yuan Dynasty Established
Asia: Mongol Vietnam
Asia: Mongol India
738 years ago — Kublai establishes the Yuan Dynasty, over Mongolia, North China, much of Western China, and some adjacent areas, and assumed the role of a Emperor of China.
749 years ago — A Mongol column under Uriyankhadai, the son of Subutai, invaded Vietnam (then known as Dai Viet or Great Land of the Viet people), routing the Vietnamese militants and sacking the capital at Thanh Long (renamed Hanoi in 1831 CE)
732 years ago — Sali Noyan entered Sind in strength and dismantled the fortifications of Multan; his forces may also have invested the island fortress of Bakhkar on the Indus.
730 years ago
MONGOL EURASIA SINGULARITY
Asia: China: Yuan Dynasty Uncontested: Mongol China Empire
730 years ago — Yuan forces had successfully annihilated the last resistance of the Southern Song Dynasty, and Kublai thus became the first non-Chinese Emperor to conquer all China.
730 years ago — Richard of Holdingham (1280 CE) T-O Trisected at Jerusalem Three Continent Flat Earth Map
Asia: Mongol Invasions of Japan Fail
729 years ago — Mongol invasions of Japan fail
720 years ago — Kublai decrees death for those who perform Islamic-Jewish slaughtering of cattles, which offends Mongolian custom.
716 years ago — Mongol invasion of Java fails
716 years ago — Kublai Khan dies
715 years ago
Asia: Temür Khan, Emperor Chengzong of Yuan: Mongol Empire
CONFUCIAN SINGULARITY
Asia: China: Confucian Observance Becomes Law
716 years ago — Temür Öljeytü Khan, born Temür was the second leader of the Yuan Dynasty, and at the same time held the position of Ikh Khagan (Great Khan) of the Mongol Empire. He, whose reign established the patterns of power for the next few decades, was the last able khan of the Yuan
716 years ago — Temur decrees Confucian Observance
711 years ago — Ottoman Islamic Empire
710 years ago — Nidaros Cathedral is finished.
703 years ago — Temur dies
703 year ago — Kulug Khan Khayisan’s enthronement at Shangdu on 21 June 1307 was performed properly at a kurultai.
701 years ago – Construction begins on the Doge’s Palace in Venice (completed in 1424).
700 years ago — Portuguse carracks reach 1,000 tonnes
700 years ago – Ibn Battuta(1304 – 1368 CE)
699 years ago — Kulug Khan Dies
699 years ago — Buyantu Khan ascends to the Mongol throne
Europe: Great Famine
695 years ago — the Great Famine, strikes much of North-West Europe killing 10 percent of the population
692 years ago — a typhoid (contaminated water) epidemic, emerges. Many thousands died in populated urban centres, most significantly Ypres. A pestilence of unknown origin, sometimes identified as anthrax, targeted the animals of Europe, notably sheep and cattle, further reducing the food supply and income of the peasantry.
690 years ago — Buyanto Khan dies
690 years ago – Funerary chapel, Chora Church of the Monastery of Christ, Constantinople, is built.
690 years ago — Gegeen Khan Shidibala enthroned
687 years ago — Grand Censor Tegshi and Esen Temur, Temuder’s faction links up with the Alan guard and assassinates Shidibala
687 years ago — Yesün Temür Khan, Emperor Taiding of Yuan Dynasty enthroned, orders Tegshi, Esen Temur and others to be put to death.
686 years ago – Minaret of the Great Mosque of Algiers built in the Abdalwadid sultanate.
685 years ago – The Al-Attarine Madrasa is completed in Fes
683 years ago – Djinguereber Mosque in Timbuktu, designed by Abu Es Haq es Saheli is completed.
682 years ago – Yesün Temür Khan, Emperor Taiding of Yuan Dynasty suddenly dies in Shangdu in August
682 years ago — Ragibagh Khan, Emperor Tianshun of Yuan House of Borjigin
682 years ago — Tugh Temur Jayaatu Khan Khagan of the Mongol Empire, and, as Emperor Wenzong of the Yuan Dynasty.
681 years ago — Jayaatu’s older brother attempts to ascend to throne and Jayaatu abdicates only to poison his brother months later.
681 years ago — Tugh Temur’s administration carried out a bloody purge against its enemies. Not only leading supporters of Yesün Temür’s successor Raghibagh were executed and exiled, but their properties were confiscated.
675 years ago
PAX MONGOLICA SINGULARITY
Asia: Pax Mongolica
Europe: Hundred Years’ War
675 years ago – Pope John XXII was presented a memorandum from the eastern church describing the Pax Mongolica of the Mongol Empire
673 years ago — England and France went to war in what would become known as the Hundred Years’ War.
668 years ago — Tugh Temur dies
668 years ago — Rinchinbal also known as Emperor Ningzong of Yuan was a son of Kuśala who was installed for 53 days as Khagan of the Mongol Dynasty of the Borjigin Empire before dying. He was the shortest-reigning monarch in the imperial history of Mongolia.
668 years ago — Emperor Huizong of Yuan, also known as Ukhaantu Khan , born Toghun Temür, was a son of Kuśala to rule as Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty and the last Khagan of the Mongol Empire
666 years ago – St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague founded.
666 years ago
PANDEMIC SINGULARITY
Global: Black Death
666 years ago — The Black Death is one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe. It is widely thought to have been an outbreak of bubonic plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. The world’s population declines from an estimated 450 million to between 350 and 375 million.
660 years ago — Pierre d’Ailly of France writes “Image of Earth” based on Ptolemaic works
659 years ago — Chinese Red Turban Rebellion turns into a national revolt
656 years ago — Madrasa Imami, Isfahan, Persia (Iran), is founded. Tile mosaic mihrab is now kept at The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
656 years ago — The construction of the Court of the Lions, Palace of the Lions, Alhambra, Granada, Spain, starts
656 years ago — The construction of the Muqarnas dome (plaster ceiling), Hall of the Abencerrajes, Palace of the Lions, Alhambra, Granada, Spain, starts.
654 years ago – The Bou Inania Madrasa is inaugurated in Fes.
654 years ago – The building of Qibla wall with mihrab and minbar, main iwan (vaulted chamber) in the mosque, Sultan Hasan madrasa-mausoleum-mosque complex, Cairo, Egypt, is started.
651 years ago – Construction of Giotto’s Bell Tower in Florence, Italy.
America: Aztec Empire
650 years ago — Aztec Tenochtitlan Lesser Pyramids
647 years ago – Baptistry of Pisa, Italy completed.
647 years ago – The building of Qibla wall with mihrab and minbar, main iwan (vaulted chamber) in the mosque, Sultan Hasan madrasa-mausoleum-mosque complex, Cairo, Egypt, is ended.
643 years ago – Ulm Cathedral begun under Ulrich von Ensingen. (1377)
642 years ago
MING SINGULARITY
Asia: China: Ming Dynasty
642 years ago — Mongol Empire’s control of China is lost as Ming Dynasty seizes throne
642 years ago — Emperor Hongwu attempts to create a society of self-sufficient rural communities in a rigid, immobile system that would have no need to engage with the commercial life and trade of urban centers. He created a philosophy called The Four Occupations: gentry, farmers, artisans, and merchants
640 years ago
ILKHANATE SINGULARITY
Middle East: Mongol Ilkhnate Falls
Middle East: Islamic Timurid Empire
640 years ago –Timurid Islamic Empire
640 years ago – Work begins on City Wall of Nanjing (Ming Dynasty, China)
640 years ago — Biligtü Khan, born Ayushiridara was a ruler of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia.
638 years ago — Ming’s central army won a series of victories to arrive at the north of Ulan Bator and was finally defeated due to extended supply line by the Northern Yuan in Northern Mongolia.
632 years ago — Mongol Khagan Ayushiridara dies and Tögüs Temür succeeded to the throne.
628 years ago – Work is begun on a new Nave of Canterbury Cathedral by master mason Henry Yevele
625 years ago – In Milan, Archbishop Antonio da Saluzzo and statesman Gian Galeazzo Visconti initiate a project to design and build a new Cathedral; beginning with the demolition of buildings previously at that site (the palace of the Archbishop, the Ordinari Palace, and the Baptistry of ‘St. Stephen at the Spring’). The old church of Sta. Maria Maggiore is quarried for stone. The exterior of the new Milan Cathedral will not be fully completed until nearly six centuries later; with the last external gate being finished in the 1960s.
624 years ago – The Qutub Minar of Delhi is completed (begun in 1193 CE).
624 years ago – The City Wall of Nanjing is completed. The south gate of the wall, known as the Gate of China, is considered to be the city gate with the most complex structure in the world.
623 years ago — Naghachu of the Jalayir in Manchuria, allies to the Mongols, surrender to the Ming due to a devastating famine
622 years ago – In his escape to Karakorum, Tögüs Temür is killed on the Tuul River by Yesüder, a descendant of Ariq Boke, allied with the Oirats. This marked the fall of the Kublaid power and the rise of the Oirats in Mongolia.
622 years ago — orightu Khan, born Jorightu, was the Mongol Khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia.
619 years ago — The construction of the Court of the Lions, Palace of the Lions, Alhambra, Granada, Spain, ends.
619 years ago — The construction of the Muqarnas dome (plaster ceiling), Hall of the Abencerrajes, Palace of the Lions, Alhambra, Granada, Spain, ends.
616 years ago – The Gyeongbokgung of Korea is completed.
614 years ago – The Sungnyemun of Korea is completed.
614 years ago – The Dongdaemun of Korea is completed.
614 years ago – The Jongmyo of Korea is completed.
612 years ago — Hongwu’s grandson Zhu Yunwen assumed the throne as the Jianwen Emperor
610 years ago — Aztec Tenochtitlan Pyramid
610 years ago — Infante Don Engrique (1394 – 1460 CE) becomes “The Navigator” of Sagres, Portugal
608 years ago — Engke Khan was the Mongol Khan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty in Mongolia. There is very little information that has existed for Engke Khan and there are questions about the identity of Engke Khan: some scholars believed that Jorightu was Yesüder and Engke Khan was Yesüder’s son succeeding him, while other believed that the two were the same person.
608 years ago
YONGLE SINGULARITY
Asia: China: Yongle Encyclopedia
608 years ago — After killing the Jianwen Emperor Zhu Di assumes the throne as the Yongle Emperor
607 years ago — the Yongle Encyclopedia is commissioned by the Ming Emperor. Two thousand scholars create a 50-million word (22,938-chapter) long encyclopedia in five years. It fills 11,095 volumes occupying roughly 40 cubic metres.
605 years ago — According to mongolian historian J.Bor, Enkhe (Engke) made alliance with Timur against Ming Dynasty. Envoy of him met Enkhe for preparations all the way to China for his master’s conquest. But Timur died while he was marching into China.
602 years ago — Elbeg Nigülesügchi Khan, Emperor Dagu of Northern Yuan Dynasty
Asia: Korea: Kangnido Map of China and India
Portugal: Ships reach 2,000 tonnes
Asia: China: Grand Canal Rebuilt
Asia: Mongol Empire Ends
600 years ago — Gün Temür Khan, Emperor Shuntian of Northern Yuan
600 years ago – Canterbury Cathedral Nave is completed.
600 yeasr ago — The Changdeokgung of Korea is completed.
600 years ago — Korean Kangnido Map of China and India
600 years ago — Portuguse carracks reach 2,000 tonnes
599 years ago — China’s Grand Canal was renovated almost in its entirety during the Ming Dynasty. 165,000 laborers dredged the canal bed in Shandong, built new channels, embankments, and canal locks. 121,500 soldiers and officers were needed simply to operate the 11,775 government grain barges.
598 years ago — Örüg Temür Khan or Gulichi was a Mongol leader who temporarily throned himself first Khagan of Post-imperial Mongolia banning the Yuan Dynasty name.
595 years ago — Zheng He’s “Boat Bound for the Galaxy” exploration of the Indian Ocean, first voyage contains 317 vessels with a staff of 70 eunuchs, 180 medical personnel, 5 astrologers, and 300 military officers commanding a total estimated force of 26,800 men.
590 years ago — Madieras Islands charted by Portugal
583 years ago — Azores charted by Portugal
GREAT WALL SINGULARITY
Asia: China: Zeng He Dies
Asia: China: Beijing: Forbidden City
580 years ago — The Forbidden City of China is completed
577 years ago — Zheng He dies and China destroys ships, equipment and records of exploration fleet and redirects capital to building the Great Wall
575 years ago — Ming Emperor Zhengtong
570 years ago
BIBLICAL SINGULARITY
Europe: Gutenberg Printing Press
Asia: China: Great Wall
571 years ago — Johannes Gutenburg becomes European to use movable type printing and the global inventor of the mechanical printing press
570 years ago — Viking Vinland Map showing “Vinland Insula” in Western Atlantic
569 years ago — Cape Blanco charted by Portugal
561 years ago — Emperor Zhengtong held for ransom following the Ming army’s defeat and Emperor’s capture by the Oirats in the Battle of Tumu, but is forfeited by Jingtai Emperor
560 years ago — The Great Wall concept was revived again during the Ming Dynasty after Battle of Tumu crisis.
555 years ago — Cape Verde Islands charted by Portugal
555 years ago — Gutenberg makes money printing of thousands of indulgences for the church
555 years ago — Gutenberg publishes his 42-line Bible, commonly known as the Gutenberg Bible. About 180 are printed, most on paper and some on vellum
551 years ago — Fra Mauro and Andrea Bianco World Map sheds T-O and Ptolemaic inaccuracies using portolan charts, circumnavigation concepts and Portuguese exploration of African coast
550 years ago
545 years ago — Gutenberg’s achievements were recognized and he was given the title Hofmann (gentleman of the court) by von Nassau. This honour included a stipend, an annual court outfit, as well as 2180 liters of grain and 2000 liters of wine tax-free.
542 years ago — Johannes Gutenberg dies
World Population 500,000,000
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Link: Globalization 1.0
GLACIATION SINGULARITY
Last Ice Age at Maximum
18,000 years ago — Last glacial period reaches its maximum and begins to recede
17,000 years ago — Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) domesticated in East Asia
DIETARY SINGULARITY
Middle East: Harvesting
14,000 years ago – Neolithic Revolution, the first agricultural revolution, begins in the ancient Near East
14,000 years ago – Natufians in the Levant begin harvesting wild grasses.
14,000 years ago — Japanese Jōmon period
13,000 years ago — Sheep (Ovis orientalis aries) domesticated in Southwest Asia
12,500 years ago –Azilian culture, in Spain and southern France, Sauveterrian, in northern France and Central Europe, Tardenoisian, in Mediterranean Spain and Portugal, and the Maglemosian culture, in Denmark and the nearby regions, including parts of Britain.
Africa: South African Stonehenge
Middle East: Standing Stone Complexes
12,000 years ago — Adam’s Calendar South African Stonehenge, Mpumalanga, South Africa
12,000 years ago — Göbekli Tepe and Nevali Cori Standing Stone Complexes, Eastern Turkey
12,000 years ago — Goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) domesticated in Iran
11,800 years ago – Earliest evidence for domesticated wheat at PPNA sites in the Levant.
NOMADIC SINGULARITY
Last Ice Age Ends
11,000 years ago — Last glacial period ends
11,000 years ago — Pig (Sus scrofa domestica) domesticated in Near East, China
11,000 years ago — Thailand Hoabinhian hunter gatherer culture, Mae Hong Son, Kanchanaburi, Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani wild grain cultures.
10,500 years ago – PPNB sites across the Fertile Crescent growing domestic wheat, barley, chickpeas, peas, beans, flax and bitter vetch.
Middle East: Town Site
10,000 years ago — Earliest town sites with simple residential neighbourhoods in Jarmo, Jericho, and Ain Ghazal on the Levant
10,000 years ago — Wooden constructions in England at Stonehenge.
10,000 years ago — Early Mehrgarh settlement sites in Indian subcontinent.
10,000 years ago — Lahuradewa architecture in Ganges plains of India
10,000 years ago — Cattle (Bos primigenius taurus) domesticated in India, Middle East, and Sub-Saharan Africa
10,000 years ago — Zebu (Bos primigenius indicus)
9,500 years ago — Cat (Felis catus) domesticated in Cyprus and Near East
9,000 years ago — Catal Huyuk in Anatolia constructed without streets.
9,000 years ago – agriculture had reached southern Europe with evidence of emmer and einkorn wheat, barley, sheep, goats, and pigs suggest that a food producing economy is adopted in Greece and the Aegean. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/02/eus/ht02eus.htm
9,000 years ago – Cultivation of wheat, sesame, barley, and eggplant in Mehrgarh (India/Pakistan).
9,000 years ago – Domestication of cattle and chicken in Mehrgarh, Indian subcontinent.
9,000 years ago — Chinese Jiahu culture farming millet
9,000 years ago – Maize domestication in central Mexico, perhaps in the highlands between Oaxaca and Jalisco.
8,800 years ago – Rice domesticated in southeast Asia.
8,500 years ago – Evidence of cattle domestication in Turkey. Some sources say this happened earlier in other parts of the world
Asia: China: Wood Beam House
Asia: India: Granary
8000 years ago — Emergence of wooden frames in Chinese architecture including the use of mortise and tenon joinery to build wood beamed houses.
8,000 years ago – Archaeological evidence from various sites on the Iberian peninsula suggest the domestication of plants and animals.
8,000 years ago – Granary built in Mehrgarh for storage of excess food.
8,000 years ago — Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) domesticated in India and Southeast Asia
7,500 years ago — Possible early dates in Ireland at Carrowmore.
7,500 years ago Céide Fields in Ireland are the oldest known field systems in the world, this landscape consists of extensive tracts of land enclosed by stone walls. http://www.museumsofmayo.com/ceide.htm
Middle East: Urban Settlements
7,300 years ago – Ubaid period(Pottery Neolithic to Chalcolithic) first urban settlements form.
7,300 years ago — Eridu wheat farming in arid terrain
Africa: North African Stonehenge
7,000 years ago — Nabta Playa, North African Stonehenge, in the Nubian Desert, Egypt
7,000 years ago — Standing Stone Constructions in Portugal (Évora). Emergence of the Atlantic Neolithic period, the age of agriculture along the western shores of Europe.
7,000 years ago — European Western and Eastern Linear Pottery Cultures.
7,000 years ago — Chinese Yangshao culture includes cliff carvings featuring 8,453 individual characters such as the sun, moon, stars, gods and scenes of hunting or grazing regarded as first written Chinese characters, pottery and millet, rice and wheat farming
7,000 years ago – Domestication of the horse in Ukraine
7,000 years ago — Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) domesticated in Peru
7,000 years ago — Donkey (Equus africanus asinus) domesticated in Egypt
Middle East: Sumeria: Irrigation
6,800 years ago — Sumerian Hadji Muhammad first major irrigation agriculture
6,750 years ago — Constructions in Brittany (Barnenez) and Poitou (Bougon).
GOD SINGULARITY
Middle East: Public Temple Platform
6,500 years ago — Sumerian “Classic Ubaid” rapid urbanization first public temple platforms
6,100 years ago – Sumerian Uruk period
6,100 years ago – Sumerian Uruk XIV-V
ANCESTOR SINGULARITY
Middle East: Judean Creation
Middle East: Wooden Ploughs
6,000 years ago — Judean Heavens and Earth, Adam and Eve Created
6,000 years ago — Standing Stone Constructions in Brittany (Carnac), Portugal (Lisbon), France (central and southern), Corsica, England and Wales.
6,000 years ago — Harappa, the ancient city in India was built.
6,000 years ago – In Mehrgarh, the domestication of numerous crops, including peas, sesame seeds, dates, and cotton, as well as a wide range of domestic animals, including the Domestic Asian Water Buffalo, an animal that remains essential to intensive agricultural production throughout Asia today.
6,000 years ago — Duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) domesticated in China
6,000 years ago – Egyptians discover how to make bread using yeast
6,000 years ago – Evidence for rice domestication in the Korat plateau area of northwestern Thailand
6,000 years ago – Camel (Camelus dromedarius) domesticated in Arabia
6,000 years ago — Honey bee domesticated
6,000 years ago – First use of light wooden ploughs in Mesopotamia
5,750 years ago — Standing Stone Constructions in Ireland (Knockiveagh and elsewhere).
5,500 years ago – Irrigation was being used in Mesopotamia
5,500 years ago – First agriculture in the Americas, around Central Amazonia or Ecuador
5,500 years ago — South American Chibcha culture
5,500 years ago — Llama (Lama glama) domesticated in Peru
5,500 years ago — European Sredny Stog culture
5,500 years ago — Standing Stone Constructions in England (Maumbury Rings and Godmanchester), and Malta (Ġgantija and Mnajdra temples).
5,500 years ago — Standing Stone Constructions in Spain (Málaga and Guadiana), Ireland (south-west), France (Arles and the north), Sardinia, Sicily, Malta (and elsewhere in the Mediterranean), Belgium (north-east) and Germany (central and south-west).
5,500 years ago — Standing Stone Constructions in Ireland (Newgrange), Netherlands (north-east), Germany (northern and central) Sweden and Denmark.
5,300 years ago – Sumerian Uruk IV period
5,250 years ago — Standing Stone Constructions in Malta (Ħaġar Qim and Tarxien).
Eurasia: Fermentation
5,000 years ago – Fermentation of dough, grain, and fruit juices is in practice.
5,000 years ago – Turmeric, cardamom, pepper and mustard are harvested in the Indus Valley Civilization (India/Pakistan).
5,000 years ago – Sugar produced in India
5,000 years ago — Silkworm (Bombyx mori) domesticated in China
5,000 years ago — Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) domesticated in Russia
5,000 years ago — Goose (Anser anser domesticus) domesticated in Egypt
PASTORAL SINGULARITY
Middle East: Judean Noah
4,300 years ago — Judean Noah gathers all animals domesticated by God and places them in ark, a 300 x 50 x 30 cubit rectangular barn
4,300 years ago — Judean Noah endures a one year flood: ark closed on the second month of Noah’s 600th year and ark opened on second month of Noah’s 601st year
4,300 years ago — God gives Noah Law of Socialization: “Eat anything. Do not eat living things.”
4,300 years ago — Judean Noah gets drunk and curses Ham’s son Canaan for Ham’s gossip
World population 30,000,0000
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